Heart is one of the most important organ in the body. it is a holomuscular organ of size 12 x 9 cm (Adult) located inside chest wall. mainly to left side.
    Human heart has four chambers. It includes left and right atrium and right and left ventricle. Left atrium is connected to left ventricle. via a valve called 'mitral valve' and right atrium connected to right ventricle via Tricuspid valve. Two atrium are seperated by Atrial septum and ventricle by ventricular septum.
    Right side of heart recieves deoxygenated blood from various organ and pump to lung for oxygen......... From lungs oxygenated blood reaches left side of the heart and pumped to various parts of the body. there is no mixing of blood of right and left side of heart. Diseases of heart is broadly classified into conjental and non conjental heart diseases. Conjental heart are usually present from birth were as nonconjental heart disease devoleps after birth conjental heart diseases.
Incidends of CHD. is about in 100 live birth. CHD. are broadly classifien into
Acyanotic heart disease(ACHD)
Cyanotic heart disease(CCHD)
Cyanosis means bluish discoloration of skin and mucouse membrane due to excessive amount of reduced (deoxygenated) Hemoglobin in blood.
ACHD
1. Ventricular Septal Defect.(VSD)
It is the commonest conjental heart disease incidents is about 27% of CHD.
Here there is a defect in septum seperating 2 ventricle. there are defferent types of ESD depends on site and size of defect. It usually become symptamatic around 6-10 weeks of age.
2. Atrial Septal Defect.(ASD)
It accounts for 15 % of CHD.
Here defect is presence in the wall separating 2 atrium.
most children with ASD remain active and asymptomatic usually complication occure in later period.
3. Patent Ductus Artcriosus (PDA)
It incidentd in 11 % of CHD. in total life there is a connection between pulmonary artery and Aorta, called Ductus Arteriosus. This dectus closes after birth.
In some children this connection persists even after birth and called PDA
CCHD
1. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
It is the Commonest cyanotic conjental heart disease in childrenabove two years.
its incidence is 17%
It has got four components
cyanosis may present from birth or make its appearance some years after birth
2. Transposition Great Vessels(TGA)
Normally aurta is arising from left ventricle pulmonary artery from right ventricle. In TGA aurta arises from right side and pulmonary artery from left side.
this children usually symptomatic from birth may need emergency surgery

Heart Care for Children

Heart's Electrical Function Heart & Blood Vessels Overview of Heart Valves Growth & Development with Heart Disease